How to Care for Highland Cows: Complete Beginner’s Guide
Thinking about adding Highland cows to your farm or homestead? You’re not alone. These iconic cattle are famous for their gentle nature, rustic beauty, and ability to thrive in harsh environments. But understanding how to care for Highland cows is essential before bringing them home.
In this guide, you’ll learn about fencing, feeding, shelter, healthcare, and everything else needed to raise happy, healthy Highland cattle.
Why Highland Cows Are Perfect for Small Farms
Highland cows are one of the hardiest cattle breeds in the world. Their long, shaggy coats protect them from snow, rain, and wind. Plus, they’re incredibly docile and intelligent — a great choice for small farms, hobby farmers, or first-time cattle owners.
They require less grain than most breeds and handle cold weather exceptionally well. Learn more about their history on Wikipedia’s Highland cattle page.
Land and Space Requirements
A general rule of thumb is:
- 1.5 to 2 acres per cow (minimum), depending on pasture quality.
- High-quality grassland reduces the need for hay supplementation.
- Rotational grazing improves pasture health and provides better nutrition.
Do Highland Cows Need Shelter?
Highland cows are extremely weather-resistant, but providing shelter improves their health and comfort:
- Use natural windbreaks like trees or hills whenever possible.
- Build simple 3-sided shelters for protection from heavy rain, snow, or extreme heat.
- In warm climates, shade is crucial to prevent heat stress.
Fencing and Boundary Setup
Highland cows are generally respectful of fences but still require durable boundaries:
- Woven wire fencing (4–5 feet tall) is ideal for Highland cattle.
- Electric fencing adds an effective deterrent, especially for young calves or new animals.
- Ensure gates are secure — Highland cows are curious and may test weaknesses.
Feeding and Nutrition Basics
A key aspect of how to care for Highland cows is understanding their diet:
- Primary diet: Fresh pasture grass.
- Supplement with hay during winter or drought — typically 15–25 lbs per cow per day.
- Provide mineral and salt blocks to meet nutritional needs.
- Grain is optional and typically unnecessary unless the cow is pregnant, lactating, or underweight.
For detailed nutritional guidelines, the Farmers Weekly website offers excellent livestock advice.
Water Needs for a Healthy Herd
Highland cows need constant access to clean water. A typical adult drinks 10–20 gallons per day, depending on temperature and diet.
Healthcare and Routine Maintenance
Highland cows are considered a low-maintenance breed but still require basic healthcare:
- Annual vaccinations (ask your vet about local diseases).
- Routine deworming.
- Hoof trimming annually or as needed.
- Check regularly for parasites like lice, pinkeye, and respiratory issues.
Breeding and Calving Considerations
Breeding Highland cows is straightforward:
- Gestation period: about 9 months.
- Highland cows are known for easy calving and strong maternal instincts.
- Calves are born with fluffy coats and adapt quickly to outdoor life.
Understanding Temperament and Behavior
These cows are gentle but curious. When learning how to care for Highland cows properly, respect their size and horns:
- Most use their horns for scratching and play, not aggression.
- Handle them calmly; loud noises or sudden movements can stress them.
- Regular interaction helps maintain a calm, trusting herd.
Common Costs of Raising Highland Cows
Typical costs include:
- Purchase price: $1,500–$5,000 (£1,200–£4,000) depending on age and pedigree.
- Fencing, shelter, water troughs.
- Hay, mineral blocks, and any veterinary care.
- Annual maintenance (repairs, vaccines, hoof care).
Conclusion: A Rewarding Journey with Highland Cows
Highland cows are an excellent choice for small farms, homesteads, or anyone wanting a hardy, gentle, and low-maintenance breed. By following this guide on how to care for Highland cows — covering feeding, fencing, shelter, and healthcare — you’ll be prepared for a rewarding experience.
For more helpful farming guides, explore our Small Farm & Hobby Farming category — packed with resources for beginners.
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